Flash of Faux Text—still more on Font Loading

Summary: After we’ve defeated the Flash of Invisible Text, we also want to decrease the amount of reflow a user sees when the font switches from fallback to @font-face. We already split our CSS into critical and deferred, why not fonts? Prioritize your fonts by loading only your roman (or plain/normal) font first, which will cause the browser to use font synthesis to create faux-bold/italic versions automatically. Next, trigger requests for the real bold and italic fonts. This will minimize the amount of reflow while the user is reading the content.

By now you’re no doubt tired of hearing my endless blathering about the perils of using the default font loading behavior. The phenomenon known as the Flash of Invisible Text, or hiding the content while the Web font loads, is terrible for the perceived performance of the web.

Minimizing Reflow #

One technique to solve this problem uses the CSS Font Loading API to add classes signifying that our fonts have successfully loaded. We can then use those classes in our CSS selectors to kill the FOIT altogether. Usually this involves a class (and a repaint/reflow) for each individual font that loads. You can read more about this technique at Dev.Opera.

Another technique to solve this problem involves embedding fonts as Data URIs inside of a single CSS file that we load asynchronously. This method groups our fonts into one large request that only triggers a single combined repaint/reflow for your font bundle. You can read more about this technique in the Filament Group Lab.

Of course, the amount of repaint/reflow is really up to you and is not tied to either method. You could use a single class addition (one repaint/reflow) when all of the fonts have successfully loaded using the CSS Font Loading API or you could load individual CSS files with Data URIs (multiple repaints/reflows). If you’d like code snippets showing how to achieve this, please ask me on twitter.

Font Variants #

An important piece of this puzzle is that the fonts that we choose to load are sometimes different weights and styles of the same typeface. For example, this site uses Lato (with a roman font-weight, 400, and normal font-style), but also Lato (bold), Lato (italic), and Lato (bold italic). This is four different font files.

Lato Font Format	Combined Size of Four Variants
TrueType	254 KB
WOFF	128 KB
WOFF2	102 KB

Remember that after we’ve defeated the Flash of Invisible Text, we’ve decreased the delay in which a user must suffer before they can become a reader of our content. So what happens when the web fonts finish loading while the user is in the middle of reading a particularly juicy paragraph on our page? If your fallback font has a different line-height than your web font, it could reflow your user’s viewport to a completely different location in the text.

Of course, one way to attempt to solve this problem is to fiddle with the line-height and letter-spacing of your fallback font. Jason Pamental has covered this topic extensively in his Fonts.com post: Web Font Tune-up Time: A Fun Font Fallback Event.

Prioritize Your Fonts #

However, here I’m proposing that we split our font bundles into two separate packages. First, we would just load the Roman weight (font-weight: normal; and font-style: normal;). This would cause the biggest reflow to our content. This will also trigger the browser to use font-synthesis to create faux-bold and faux-italic versions of our web font. We’ll use these fake variants while we trigger the second request for our real Bold, Italic, and Bold Italic variants.

Lato Font Format	Stage 1: Roman Size	Stage 2: Combined Size of Bold, Italic, Bold Italic Variants
TrueType	63 KB	191 KB
WOFF	31 KB	97 KB
WOFF2	25 KB	77 KB

On slower connections, this purposefully moves from a single delayed reflow to a two-stage reflow, the first of which should be the most jarring to our reader. We move that first reflow up the waterfall to happen as soon as possible and the likely more minimal faux-bold/italic to real-bold/italic reflow would happen later.

Try it out on this page, I’ve implemented this approach on my site. Open up the Chrome DevTools with device mode enabled and throttle your Network connection down to EDGE. Try reloading this page and watch the three stages:

Stage 0 FOUT: Flash of Unstyled Text, zero web fonts loaded.

Stage 1 FOFT: Flash of Faux Text, only one web font loaded.

Stage 2 Finished: All web fonts loaded.

The Code #

As mentioned, my blog is currently using this experiment in font loading. Here is the JavaScript and CSS I used to implement it, using the fontfaceonload polyfill.

FontFaceOnload( "Lato", {
	success: function() {
		var docEl = doc.documentElement;

		// Stage 1 Complete
		// FOFT engaged
		docEl.className += " lato-loaded";

		var counter = 0;
		var success = function() {
			counter++;
			if( counter === 3 ) {
				// Stage 2 Complete
				// All Fonts Loaded
				docEl.className += " lato-b-loaded";
			}
		};

		FontFaceOnload( "LatoBold", {
			weight: 700,
			success: success
		});
		FontFaceOnload( "LatoItalic", {
			style: 'italic',
			success: success
		});
		FontFaceOnload( "LatoBoldItalic", {
			weight: 700,
			style: 'italic',
			success: success
		});
	}
});

See the full JavaScript for the zachleat.com Implementation of the FOFT.

body {
	font-family: sans-serif;
}
/* Stage 1 */
.lato-loaded body {
	font-family: Lato, sans-serif;
}

/*
 * Stage 2
 * The rest of this CSS is to work around
 * the separate font-family limitation
 * described below.
 */

.lato-b-loaded h1,
.lato-b-loaded h2,
.lato-b-loaded h3,
.lato-b-loaded h4,
.lato-b-loaded h5,
.lato-b-loaded strong {
	font-family: LatoBold;
}
.lato-b-loaded em,
.lato-b-loaded blockquote {
	font-family: LatoItalic;
}
.lato-b-loaded strong em,
.lato-b-loaded strong blockquote,
.lato-b-loaded em strong,
.lato-b-loaded blockquote strong {
	font-family: LatoBoldItalic;
}

See the full CSS for the zachleat.com Implementation of the FOFT with the @font-face blocks hidden at the bottom.

Important Note: you have to use different aliased font-family names for each @font-face block used here. If not, your second stage (the Flash of Faux-Text) will suffer the same Flash of Invisible Text problem that we’re trying to avoid with font loading.

This does make one wonder if it would be useful to have Browsers use this internally by making bold and italic variants a lower priority than roman. Blink already uses a similar approach with non-applicable media queries on <link> elements for CSS, why not fonts?